Effects of taVNS Combined With Dexmedetomidine on POVN

Inclusion Criteria:

* Women aged 18 to 65;
* Elective laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia;
* Classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I to II;
* Capable of understanding the study procedures and various assessment scales and able to effectively communicate with the researchers;
* Willing to participate in the study and provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with ASA anesthesia classification ≥ III;
* Poorly controlled hypertension, atrioventricular block ≥ second degree, obesity (BMI \> 30 kg/m²);
* Pregnant or breastfeeding;
* Known allergy to drugs used in the study protocol, history of traumatic brain injury, history of gastrointestinal surgery;
* Liver or kidney dysfunction (liver enzymes or creatinine ≥ 1.5 times the normal value), alcoholism or drug abuse, mental illness, use of antiemetics, opioids, psychoactive drugs, or corticosteroids within 24 hours before surgery;
* Patients with implanted stimulators (such as pacemakers, implantable vagus nerve stimulators, deep brain stimulators, spinal cord stimulators, etc.), cochlear implants, or metal implants (except in dental cases);
* Skin lesions or dermatological diseases at the site of electrical stimulation;
* Preoperative heart rate \< 50 bpm or the presence of sinoatrial node disease or second-degree or higher atrioventricular block;
* Patients unable to cooperate with assessments;
* Patients participating in other clinical trials.