Evaluation of the Effects of Orthognathic Surgeries on the Temporomandibular Joint Using a Mandibular Movement Analyzer Device

Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18 years or older (skeletally mature patients)
* Severe dentofacial deformity requiring combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment
* Presurgical orthodontic preparation completed or scheduled for orthognathic surgery
* Signed written informed consent prior to study enrollment
* Ability and willingness to attend all scheduled preoperative and postoperative follow-up visits

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of previous orthognathic or major craniofacial surgical interventions
* Congenital craniofacial anomalies, cleft lip and/or palate, or genetic syndromes affecting the musculoskeletal or facial skeleton
* Pre-existing severe degenerative temporomandibular joint disease (e.g., advanced osteoarthritis, idiopathic condylar resorption, or ankylosis)
* Systemic rheumatologic, autoimmune, or connective tissue disorders affecting bone and joint metabolism
* Active neurological or neuromuscular disorders affecting jaw movement or motor control
* Current use of medications significantly altering bone metabolism or neuromuscular function
* Pregnancy or lactation at the time of enrollment
* Severe unmanaged bruxism or acute trauma to the maxillofacial region within the past 12 months